ABSTRACT
Abstract Purpose To assess the clinical characteristics of subjects with gender dysphoria (GD). Method A cross-sectional study of adults with GD. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Sociodemographic data, clinical data and life habits were recorded. Results Total of 44 subjects participated in the study: 36 (82%) trans women and 8 (18%) trans men. Forty-three (98%) of the GD patients had anxiety (36 [100%] trans women and 7 [87.5%] trans men), and 36 (82%) had depression (29 [80.5%] trans women and 7 [87.5%] trans men). Suicide had been attempted by 32 (73%) subjects. The rates of depression were lower among the subjects living with partners, parents, or other people than among those living alone (p = 0.03), and it was also lower among the subjects who were married compared to those who were dating or single (p = 0.03). Conclusion Improving the relationship status may reduce the prevalence of depressive symptoms in GD patients. There was a high rate of attempted suicide in this sample.
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar as características clínicas de indivíduos com disforia de gênero (DG). Método Estudo transversal com pessoas transexuais. Os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão foram medidos usando a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. Os dados sociodemográficos, os dados clínicos, e os hábitos de vida foram registrados por meio de um questionário. Resultados Um total de 44 indivíduos participou do estudo: 36 (82%)mulheres trans, e 8 (18%) homens trans. Quarenta e três (98%) destes apresentaram ansiedade, sendo 36 (100%) mulheres trans e 7 (87,5%) homens trans, e 36 (82%) apresentaram depressão, sendo 29 (80,5%) mulheres trans, e 7 (87,5%) homens trans. Um total de 32 (73%) indivíduos já haviam tentado suicídio. Os indivíduos que vivem comparceiros, pais ou outras pessoas tiveramuma menor taxa de depressão do que aqueles que vivem sozinhos (p = 0,03), e os indivíduos que eram casados tiveram uma menor taxa de depressão do que aqueles que estavam namorando ou solteiros (p = 0,03). Conclusão A melhoria do status de relacionamento pode reduzir a prevalência de sintomas depressivos empessoas transexuais. Encontrou-se uma alta taxa de tentativas de suicídio nessa amostra.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Transsexualism/diagnosis , Gender Dysphoria/diagnosis , Anxiety/etiology , Transsexualism/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/etiology , Gender Dysphoria/complicationsABSTRACT
El concepto de Identidad de Género (IG) hace referencia a la convicción personal e internalizada de pertenencia a un determinado género y no a otro. Esta experiencia, temprana en el devenir del ser humano, establece los cimientos del desarrollo psicosexual. El distrés psicológico personal que produce el sentimiento de incongruencia entre la identidad de género y el sexo biológico asignado es conocido como Disforia de Género (DG). Los niños y adolescentes con DG constituyen un grupo de riesgo para sufrir problemas de salud mental, tanto por sus sentimientos disfóricos, como por el estigma y aislamiento social y familiar del que pueden ser objeto. Los psiquiatras infanto juveniles deben estar capacitados para evaluar y diagnosticar a aquellos pacientes que presentan estas dificultades, así como ser capaces de ofrecer tratamientos y soporte que les permita reestablecer la salud mental. El presente artículo es una revisión actualizada de los conceptos relacionados con la DG y su abordaje terapéutico, desde un enfoque multidisciplinario.
Gender identity refers to the internal and personal belief that a person belongs to one gender and not the other. This early developmental experience establishes the foundation for psychosexual development. The psychological distress that is produced by the incongruence between gender identity and biological sex is known as Gender Dysphoria (GD). Children and adolescents with GD constitute a risk group for mental health problems, both due to their dysphoria and the social stigma and isolation they may suffer. Child and adolescent psychiatrists need to know how to assess and diagnose patients with these symptoms, and be able to offer treatment and support to help reestablish their mental health. This is an updated review of the concepts related to GD and their treatment, from a multiprofesional perspective.